Geography
Framed in the North by the Mediterranean Sea, the East by Tunisia and Libya, in the South by Niger and Mali, at the West by the Western Sahara then Morocco, Algeria is presented in the form of an immense desert.
- Capital:Algiers (3 million inhabitants).
- Surface:2 381 741 Km² of which 85 % of the territory represents the desert.
- Population:31,9 million inhabitants, urbanized to 60 %;70 % have less than 30 years.
- Annual demographic growth:1,6 %.
- Density:11,4. hab./ Km²;56 % of the population occupy 3% of the territory.
- Currency:Algerian dinar;1 € = 82 DA at the official banking rate.
- Official language: Arab.
- Languages of the businesses:Arab, French, English.
- Demographic growth:2,1 %.
- Religion:Islam of Malekite rite, Jewish and Christian minorities.
- Independence:July 03rd, 1962 (national festival July 05th, 1962)
- Mode: Presidential regime (Constitution adopted by the referendum on November 28, 1996).
- Organization administrative:48 Wilayas (departments);168 daïras (sub-prefectures);1541 communes.
- Birth rate:1,4 % (estimate 2002).
- Life expectancy:70.5 years.
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History
| 400 000 years BC |
First human presence according to the discovery with the lake Termiline in Oranie of bones and stone tools of Atlanthrope, contemporary primitive man of Sinanthrope |
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| 200 000 years BC |
Presence of paleolithic hunters |
| 7th Millenium BC |
Capsiens, ancestors of The Numides, spread in the Maghreb |
| 6000 - 1500 BC |
Beginning of the breeding, engravings and cave paintings Neolithic |
| 1500 - 1000 BC |
Amazigh populate the country |
| 1100 - 800 BC |
Arrival of the Phenicians along the coast |
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| 800 - 500 BC |
Commercial Republic of Carhtage |
| 200 - 148 BC |
Massinissa, combined with Romans in the Second Punic War, establishes the kingdom of Numidie.Carthage declares war against Rome, triggering the Third Punic War |
| 148 - 105 BC |
Jugurtha, grand son of Massinissa, reunifies Numidie, is beaten by Rome |
| 105 - 25 BC |
Reigns of the Kings and the Berber princes as allied and vassal of the Romans. |
| 25 - 24 BC |
Juba II, King de Numidie then of Mauritania |
| 81 AD |
The Roman legion installs its headquarters with Lambèse, later the capital of Numidie.The remainder of Algeria, Mauritania, is controlled by Césarée (Cherchell) |
| 323 AD |
Christianity becomes the official religion under the Emperor Constantin |
| 429 - 533 AD |
Invasion of the Vandals, beaten into 533 AD.Byzance reconquers the country |
| 533 - 660 AD |
The Berber Confederations take the interior of the country |
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| 647 AD |
Arrival of the Arabs who spread themselves in the Maghreb and will convert it with Islam |
| 911 - 972 AD |
Reigns of The Fatimides and creation of the town of Algiers in 935 |
| 972 - 1050 |
The Fatimides leave Algeria for Egypt, leaving the power to The Zirides |
| 1050 - 1060 |
Invasion of the Ben Hilal come from High Egypt |
| 1060 - 1150 |
The Almoravides reunify North Africa, seize the power |
| 1505 |
The Spanish takes over Mers El - Kébir, drives out The Maures |
| 1518 |
Barberousse, founder of the Regency of Algiers, places the city under the protection of the Ottoman Sultan of Istanbul |
| 1830 - 1902 |
France occupies Algiers after three years of siege then the other cities until Hoggar (1902).The Algerians resist militarily against the occupation
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| November 1rt, 1954 |
Release of the Algerian Revolution |
| July 5th, 1962 |
Agreement of Evian, Proclamation of Independence |
| September 15th, 1962 |
Proclamation of the Republic of Algeria Democratic and Popular |
| 1989 - 1996 |
Proclamation of Multipartism |
| November 28th, 1996 |
Referendum on the Fifth Constitution of Algeria |
| September 16th, 1999 |
Adoption by Referendum of the law on the Civil Harmony |
| April 10th, 2002 |
Recognition of Tamazight as national language |
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