Environment and territorial installation:
The question of the environment and the stake which it presupposes in Algeria exceed the simple framework of the protection of the natural resources because they condition, in the long term, the become and the existence of the country.
Today a clear, coherent and ambitious voluntary policy is more than one need, it is vital for the whole of the Algerian ecosystems, water the turning into a desert, urban and industrial pollution are the three major challenges which worry Algeria.
The pressure of the populations and the activities make emerge from many problems such as:
- Pollution
- The impoverishment of biological diversity
- Climatic change
- Natural disasters
- The impoverishment of ozone
- Potential impact of the genetically modified bodies
- The invasion of exogenic species because of universalization
- Dangerous exploitation increasingly more frequent with the chemicals of synthesis
The nature and the span of these environmental problems show that the ecological degradation of the country reached a high degree of gravity which risks:
- To compromise part of 3 last decades the ecological and social assets.
- To limit the possibilities of profits of wellbeing of the future generations.
A process which is taking part the whole of the government departments, institutions and agencies in environmental matter was engaged to know and describe the principal problems of environment. At the end of this process was born the first national report on the state and the future of the environment 2000 (RNE 2000).
The census of the problems carried out through this report, lets appear:
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- Water resources limited and low quality;
- Ground resources weakened by the phenomena of erosion and turning into a desert
- A vegetable cover in constant degradation
- Industrial and urban pollution in alarming progression
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The lessons drawn from the analyses show clearly that the extent and the seriousness of the environmental problems in Algerie affect:
- The health and the quality of life of the population
- The productivity and the durability of the natural resources and the total environment
- Effectiveness of the use of the resources and the competitiveness of the economy in general
A strategic step for the improvement of the health and the quality of life of the citizen, for the reduction of the losses and the improvement of economic competitiveness, were committed. The implementation of this strategy made it possible to set up institutional measurements which relate to the creation of specialized agencies:
- Observatories of monitoring of the environment and the durable development
- Arrange national waste
- Center of formation to the trades of the environment
- Littoral academy
- Center development of the living resources
On the whole, the cost considered of the actions for short and long terms rises to approximately a billion dollar US over three years
The installation of preventive measures relates mainly to :
- The installation of a programme of information and sensitizing in direction of the whole of the citizens
- The adjustment of the dependent tariffs has the exploitation of the natural resources
- The installation of economic instruments of management of the environment (environmental taxation, funds of the environment and depollution).
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